Karnataka is one of the major sugarcane and sugar-producing states in the country as sugarcane has been cultivated in large areas for many years for the production of jaggery, unrefined sugar and white sugar. It is also a major provider of livelihood to millions of agricultural families and their dependents particularly in rural areas. In Karnataka, the sugarcane is cultivated over an area of 4.80 lakh ha with production of 36.76 million tones of sugarcane and productivity of 85.50 tones per hectare. Belagavi, Bagalkot, Mandya, Vijayapur and Bidar are the leading districts in terms of area under sugarcane. Karnataka has tremendous potential for increasing cane cultivation and achieving higher yields, as the soil and climatic conditions are most favourable for planting the cane in different seasons. In the state, Belagavi district ranked first in area occupying 1.15 lakh hectares and producing 9.84 million tones.
Farmers are aware of the Pest and Diseases of sugarcane and, we have good scientists and good resources to diagnose and control measures for Pest and Diseases. However, diagnosing the right nutrient deficiency and providing suitable nutrient recommendations is a vital key tool to address the issue in Sugar cane Cultivation. Before going for sugar cane cultivation, we suggest to our Humble farmers to check Soil Nutrient Status by getting analysed soil samples at NABL accreted Soil labs. In this chapter let us understand the Nutrient Deficiency in Sugar Cane and Corrections measures.
Nitrogen
Older leaves first show Nitrogen deficiency.
less root mass and reduced tillering
leaf sheaths prematurely separate from the stalk.
Inter nodes length reduced and retardation of plant growth.
If Nitrogen deficiency is severe all leaves of sugarcane exhibit a yellow-green colour and older leaves die back.
Phosphorus
Older leaves first show symptoms of Phosphorus deficiency.
Leaf reddening usually occurs with Phosphorus deficiency when the plant is young, and temperature is high.
Phosphorus deficiency causes short and slender stalks.
Older leaf sheath prematurely dies.
Red and purple discolouration of tips and margins
Reduction in length of sugarcane stalks,
Reduces cane thickness and becomes taper rapidly at growing points.
Poor development of root and Reduced tillering.
Potassium
Yellowing and marginal drying of older leaves and Depressed growth
Orange-yellow colour appears in the older lower leaves which develop numerous chlorotic spots that later become brown with dead centre resulting in a ‘firing’ appearance.
Reddish discolouration which is confined to the epidermal cells of the upper surfaces and midribs of the leaves.
Poor root growth with fewer members of root hairs.
Calcium
Mottling and chlorosis of older leaves
Rusty appearance and premature death of older leaves
However, Ca deficiency is uncommon.
Magnesium
Magnesium deficiency is first evident in older leaves.
Red necrotic lesions result in a “rusty” appearance.
Severe Mg deficiency, the stalk may become stunted and severely “rusted” and brown.
Internal browning of the stalk may also occur.
Sulphur
Symptoms are mottled chlorotic streaks running the full length of the leaf blade.
Young leaf showing chlorosis and purple leaf margins.
Leaves are narrower and shorter than normal; stalks are slender.
Zinc
Zinc deficiency is first evident on the younger leaves.
A broad band of yellowing in the leaf margin occurs.
The midrib and leaf margins remain green except when the deficiency is severe. Red lesions are often noticed.
The lesions may be associated with a fungus that prefers to grow in Zn-deficient tissues.
The severity of Zn deficiency can be highly variable. Symptoms are increased with liming and when low Zn subsoils are exposed to the surface.
Iron
Iron deficiency is first evident in young leaves.
Iron deficiency occurs on high pH calcareous soils.
Young leaves where pale stripes with scanty chlorophyll content occur between parallel lines.
Leaves turn completely white, even in the veins and midribs.
Restricted Root growth.
Boron
The symptoms of B deficiency appear on young leaves of sugarcane.
Boron-deficient plants have distorted leaves,
Young leaves may not unfurl from the whorl when Boron deficiency is severe.
Copper Role
It is a constituent of several enzyme systems involved in building and converting amino acids to proteins.
Copper is important in carbohydrate and protein metabolism.
Copper Deficiency
Copper deficiency generally appears first in young leaves.
Green splotches are an early symptom.
Internode elongation will be greatly reduced when Cu deficiency is severe.
Manganese Role
It is a constituent of several enzyme systems involved in building and converting amino acids to proteins.
Copper is important in carbohydrate and protein metabolism.
It is important to the formation of lignin in plant cell walls which contributes to the structural strength of the cells, and the cane.
Manganese Deficiency
Manganese deficiency first appears on younger leaves.
Interveinal chlorosis occurs from the leaf tip toward the middle of the leaf.
Under severe Mn deficiency, the entire leaf becomes bleached.
Molybdenum Role
Helps in the assimilation of nitrogen in plants.
Molybdenum Deficiency
Molybdenum deficiency is seen on older leaves.
Short longitudinal chlorotic streaks on the apical one-third of the leaf.
Short longitudinal chlorotic streaks on the top one-third of the leaf.
Short and slender stalks
Slow vegetative growth.
NPK Schedule
As per the RDF by Universities Sugar Cane Requires N:100, P: 40, K:50 kg/acre Apply a full dose of Phosphorus Single Super Phosphate 250 kg/acre as basal dosage. Whereas 217 kg of nitrogen and 90 kg of Potash in three equal splits at 30, 60 and 90 days
Farmyard manure/compost @ 8-10 ton/acre, 150-250 kg Annapurna, 10-15 kg of Navajeevan G or 5-10 kg or 2 kg of Multiplex Green Booster
Soil Application of 250 kg SSP during Basal Application
2 to 3 Sprays Foliar spray of DAP 2% or Multiplex Multi PK 0: 52: 34 or MAP 12:61:0 4 to 5 grams/ litre at an interval of 15 days
Potassium
Sett Treatment Sett treatment withMultiplex Nalpak Prepare the slurry with 1 to 2 kg of Multiplex Nalpak in sufficient water and soak the setts in the slurry for 15 minutes before planting.
Soil Application of MOP 90 kg/acre in three splits at 30, 60 and 90 days
Spray Only K 0:0:50/ Twin13:0:45 4 to 5 grams/ litre at an interval of 15 days
Calcium
Soil Application
Apply Multiplex Samruddhi at the time of final land preparation Apply Calcium Nitrate 5 kg/ acre thrice at an interval of 10 days
Spray at least 2 to 3 sprays of Calcium Nitrate3 to 5 grams/ litre or Pusti Ca 1 g/litre
Apply Multiplex Samruddhi 50 kg/ acre at the time of final land preparation!
Apply Multiplex Magnesium Sulphate 5 to 10 kg/ acre Or Apply Sugar CaneSpecial 5 kg at the time of sowing and another 5 kg before 90 days after sowing.
Spray Multiple Moti Mg 0.5 g/litre or MgSo4 3 grams/litre
Sulphur
Apply Multiplex Samruddhi 50 kg/acre or Gypsum 200 kg/ acre at the time of final land preparation.
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